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基于gradle构建java应用程序

妙音 posted @ 2018年6月30日 23:33 in java with tags gradle , 1917 阅读
 
基于gradle构建java应用程序示例
 

目录

你需要什么
用户手册
初始项目
项目结构
编译项目
运行项目
总结
源码
 

你需要什么

  • 大约8分钟
  • 一个文本编辑器
  • 命令行终端
  • jdk1.7或更高版本
  • 最近版本的gradle

用户手册

gradle带有内置的init插件。它的文档地址
这个插件有一个task，名叫init，可以生成项目. init task使用内置的wrapper task生成wrapper脚本gradlew
 
运行init task
gradle init --type <name>
参数name可选值
  • java-application
  • java-library
  • scala-library
  • groovy-library
  • basic
这里我们选择java-application类型
 
首先创建项目目录
$ mkdir java-demo
$ cd java-demo
 

初始化项目

在项目目录中运行init task，并使用参数java-application
$ gradle init --type java-application
Starting a Gradle Daemon (subsequent builds will be faster)
> Task :wrapper
> Task :init

BUILD SUCCESSFUL
 
init task先运行wrapper task生成gradlew、gradlew.bat脚本，并创建下面的项目结构
├── build.gradle
├── gradle            #wrapper的文件
│   └── wrapper
│       ├── gradle-wrapper.jar
│       └── gradle-wrapper.properties
├── gradlew
├── gradlew.bat
├── settings.gradle
└── src
    ├── main
    │   └── java        #源文件
    │       └── App.java
    └── test            #测试
        └── java
            └── AppTest.java
 
 

项目结构

settings.gradle有很多注释，有效行只有一行
settings.gradle
rootProject.name='java-demo'
配置root project的名称java-demo
 
生成的build.gradle同样有很多注释，下面是有效部分
build.gradle
apply plugin: 'java'
apply plugin: 'application'

repositories {
    jcenter()      #公有仓库
}

dependencies {
    compile 'com.google.guava:guava:21.0'   #google的guava包
    testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'          #junit测试包
}

mainClassName = 'App'    #main类
build文件中加了java和application两个插件。前者支持java项目，后者允许指定包含main方法的类，在编译时执行
 
src/main/App.java
public class App {
    public String getGreeting() {
        return "Hello world.";
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {   #在运行application插件的run task时调用
        System.out.println(new App().getGreeting());
    }
}
 
src/test/java/AppTest.java
import org.junit.Test;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;

public class AppTest {
    @Test public void testAppHasAGreeting() {
        App classUnderTest = new App();
        assertNotNull("app should have a greeting",
            classUnderTest.getGreeting());
    }
}
 
编译项目
编译项目使用build命令。可以使用常用的gradle命令，但是使用wrapper脚本更好
$ ./gradlew build
> Task :compileJava
> Task :processResources NO-SOURCE
> Task :classes
> Task :jar
> Task :startScripts
> Task :distTar
> Task :distZip
> Task :assemble
> Task :compileTestJava
> Task :processTestResources NO-SOURCE
> Task :testClasses

> Task :test

> Task :check
> Task :build

BUILD SUCCESSFUL
注意：第一次运行时会比较慢
 
第一次运行build时，会检查.gradle目录是否存在guava、junit包。如果不存在，则下载并存到本地目录
下次运行build就使用缓存。build task编译class文件，运行test用例，生成测试报告
 
查看html报告build/reports/tests/test/index.html.
样例
 

运行项目

gradle构建使用了application插件，所以能在命令行运行程序。
看看有哪些task
$ ./gradlew tasks
:tasks

------------------------------------------------------------
All tasks runnable from root project
------------------------------------------------------------

Application tasks
-----------------
run - Runs this project as a JVM application

// ... many other tasks ...
 
run task会让gradle读取mainClassName属性指定的类，执行main方法
$ ./gradlew run
:compileJava UP-TO-DATE
:processResources NO-SOURCE
:classes UP-TO-DATE
:run
Hello world.


BUILD SUCCESSFUL
 

总结

通过上面介绍可以学到
  • 如何生成java应用程序
  • 如何生成build文件、java文件
  • 如何运行构建、查看测试报告
  • 如何使用application插件的run task执行程序

源码

github地址
 
参考资料
 
《了凡四训》详解之改过之法
印光大师十念法（胡小林主讲第1集）

 

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